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To obtain the maximum yield
of wheat it is obligatory to find out the optimum sowing time,
combination of nutrients and irrigation levels in relation to the
variety. Hence, agronomic experiments were conducted to assess the
adaptability of the newly developed Raj 3077 variety.
To assess the adaptability in different dates of sowing, the
coordinated trials were planted under irrigated conditions at 44th
(early), 46th (normal) and 50th (late) meteorological week,
respectively. For the assessment of its adaptability under different
levels of fertilization, the coordinated trials were conducted by
using 4 levels of N, P205 and K20
fertilizer as shown in Table
3, while under
saline/alkaline production condition 7 levels of N and Zn fertilizers
were used as shown in Table
4. Further, to
assess the response to irrigation, coordinated trials were conducted
by supplying three irrigation levels, i.e. once (at crown root
initiation - CRI), twice (at CRI + flowering) and six times of
irrigations at crucial stages of crop (CRI, late tillering, late
jointing, flowering, milk and dough stage). All these experiments
were laid out in split plot design with four replications. The sowing
was done in row 23 em apart in early and normal sowing and 18 em
apart in late sowing by drilled method. Generally six irrigations
were applied to raise the crop.
The resistance of Raj 3077 to rusts was tested with the help of
AICWIP at several locations in the country. The standard inoculation
and post inoculation procedures and practices (Joshi et al. 1982;
Nagarajan and Nayar 1986) were followed to generate comparable
information. Host pathogen interactions were scored into various
grades following Stakman et al. (1962) for black rust, Johnston
(1963) for brown rust and Johnson et al. (1972) for yellow rust.
Quality laboratory under coordinated programme assists in screening
varieties for different quality parameters required at the time of
release a variety. The evaluation of different quality
characteristics of the variety was made as suggested by Hanslas
(1986).
Results and discussion
The expanded pedigree of wheat cultivar Raj 3077 is
HD2177/3/CN067/BB//HD2160/4// RAJ1482/5/BB/3/LR64/SN64//NAPO (Jain
1994). The main characteristics of Raj 3077 are dorsal leaf surface
waxy and ventral surface non-waxy, profuse tillering, long erect ears
that turn dusty white at maturity and possesses medium bold amber and
lustrous grains. The results obtained are explained below:
Timely sown - irrigated condition
The analysis of varietal yield evaluation trials (1985 / 87)
over 22 locations, revealed
that variety Raj
3077 significantly out-yielded all check varieties in all the three
years except in the first year, where it yielded as good as checks WH
283 and Raj 1972 (Table
1).
When Raj 3077 was sown at normal time, it gave significantly higher
yield (6.79 t / ha) than both the cheek varieties (Table
2). However, it
showed significant reduction in yield under early and late sown
conditions. As to the response to fertilizer level Raj 3077
significantly out-yielded
(4.54 t / ha) at
higher level of fertilization and was as good as check varieties
under lower fertility levels (Table
2).
However, this variety
showed a significant reduction of yield at lower fertility levels.
The varieties x irrigations experiments exhibited that Raj 3077
out-yielded the cheeks WH 283 and Raj 1972 at all the levels of
irrigation and gave the highest yield under adequate irrigations
(Table
2). In all these
agronomic experiments a significant interaction between variety x
treatment in respect of yield was observed.
It was concluded that among timely sown varieties Raj 3077 showed
excellent performance. It yielded maximum at fertilizer level 120 :
60 : 40 (N, P205, K20
kg/ha) and at six post
sowing irrigation levels. This variety was consequently recommended
by AICWIP in 1987 for normal sowing.
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