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Wheat Inforination
Service
Number 76:39-42 (1993)
III.
Genetic Stock
A
report of the wheat field research in
Yugoslavia
Shoji Ohtal and Yoshihiko Furuta2
1 Plant
Germ-plasm Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University,
Mozurne, Muko, Kyoto 617, Japan
2
Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu University,1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-11,
Japan
This is a short report of the field research work in Yugoslavia
(including the present regions of Croatia, Bosnia- Hercegovina and
Makedonija) carried out in 1991. It was a second year's project on
'Comparative Ecological Genetics on Phylogeny of Wheat, Barley and
Their Wild Relatives in Northeastern Region of the Mediterranean Sea'
sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan
(Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research Program: Field
Research No. 0204137). It was a cooperative work between Professor S.
Borojevic, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, and the
Japanese members. The field research members were as follows:
Yoshihiko Furuta, Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu
University
Shoji Ohta, Instructor, Plant Germ-plasm Institute, Faculty of
Agriculture, Kyoto University
The schedule and the route of the field research were summarized in
Table1.
It consisted of two trips. The first trip covered the Dinara mountain
region and the coastal region of the Adriatic Sea in Montenegro,
Croatia and Bosnia- Hercegovina where the cultivation of einkorn and
emmer wheats was once reported (Schiemann 1956, Borojevic 1956,
Pavicevic 1982). The second one was carried out in Makedonija and
Kosovo. During the trips, a total of 637 samples belonging to more
than eight families were collected (Table
2). They
consisted of five species of cultivated wheats, rye, barley, oat,
their wild relatives, other Gramineae species, and so on.
In the Dinara mountain region, 14 accessions of einkorn wheat
(Triticum monococcum L.) and 12 of emmer wheat
(T. dicoccum Schubl.) were successfully collected. A
plant of einkorn grew in a six-rowed barley field at Volujac, Bosnia-
Hercegovina. The owner of the field cultivated barley for animal feed
and he did not recognize einkorn wheat. The spikelets of emmer were
found in the two samples of local farmer's oat seed stocks for animal
feed. Morphologically, the obtained emmer spikelets were divided into
three accessions. To the contrary, a pure cultivation of einkorn and
eight fields where emmer and einkorn grew together were found at the
village of Sovici, Bosnia-Hercegovina. A seed sample in which emmer
and einkorn mixed was also obtained from a local farmer's stock at
the village. He grew it for animal feed and called einkorn and emmer
as 'pir'.
A total of 17 accessions of T. turgidum L. were collected
in Makedonija. The members found several fields of T.
turgidum around the Lake Ohrid. A local farmer, who worked in
the turgidum field with his family, told us that the crop is
not 'psenica' (bread wheat) but 'kremenka' and that he
makes bread from 'kremenka'. Another field of 'kremenka'
was found at 2 km. west from Demir Kapija on the way to Skopje in
Makedonija.
Two samples of wild einkorn (T. boeoticum Boiss.) and
149 samples of seven Aegilops species were collected.
T. boeoticum was collected in Makedonija. The
collection of Aegilops species consisted of 35 samples of
Ae. biuncialis Vis., two of Ae. comosa Sibth. et
Sm., four of Ae. cylindrica Host, 33 of Ae. ovata L.,
38 of Ae. triaristata Willd., 32 of Ae. triuncialis L.
and five of Ae. uniaristata Vis.
All the samples collected in the present field work were divided
into two parts: one for University of Novi Sad and the other for the
Japanese members. The latter is preserved at Plant Germ-plasm
Institute, Kyoto University.
Acknowledgement
The Japanese field research members really appreciate the kind
help and arrangement of Prof. S. Borojevic and Mr. M. Dimitrijevic,
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, during their staying
in Yugoslavia.
References
Borojevic S (1956) A note about the "New dates for recent
cultivation of Triticum monococcum and Triticum
dicoccum in Yugoslavia". Wheat Inf Serv 4: 1.
Pavicevic Lj (1982) Some positive traits of domestic strains of
diploid and tetraploid wheat. Genetika 14: 1-11.
Schiemann E (1956) New dates for recent cultivation of Triticum
monococcum and Triticum dicoccum in Yugoslavia. Wheat Inf
Serv 3: 1-3.
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