| Agronomic characteristics of induced mutants of Triticale
Jan OLEJNICZAK and Henryk PATYNA Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences Poznan, 60-479, Strzeszynska 30/36, Poland Mutation appeared to be of a significant role in the evolution and breeding of the tribe Triticeae, and particulary of the genus Triticum. Recently chemical mutagens are being extensively used in cereal plants to create genetic variability for desirable traits. A limited variability in existing Triticales offers an excellent opportunity to generate new genotypes in a relatively short time by use of the mutation breeding. To date, only very few studies have been reported, on the use of chemical mutagens in Triticale. The study performed was to obtain winter Triticale mutants, which be used in improvment programs for yield, improved yielding capacity, protein content, and frost resistance. Materials and Methods Triticale improvment programs were initiated in our laboratory in 1977. Seeds of a hexaploid Triticale initial line 2061 were presoaked in water for 12 hours at 25+ or -1C. Mutagen solution were freshly prepared at pH 7, 0. Seeds were treated in three concentration : 1, 5mM, 2, 0mM, and 2, 5mM MNUA(N-nitroso-N-methylourea) for 3 hours at 25+ or -1C. After the treatment they were rinsed in distillated water for 1 hour. Seeds were space planted in a four meter long, and one meter in width plot with three replications in a randomized complete block. The main pressure selection in M2 and M3 concerned on the yield and yield components. The initial line 2061, and morphologically established strain of mutants were planted during the 1981-82 growing season in single row plots 5 meter long in a randomized complete block design replicated 3 times. Date on grain yield per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000 grains weight and grain yiled per plot of initial line and mutants were estimated using standard procedures, and frost resistance mutant forms were selected in climatic conditions in winter 1981/82 by such quality scores from 1 to 9(1 ; dead, 9 ; undamage). Protein contents in grains of initial line 2061 and mutant strains was established using micro-Kjeldahl method. Results have been statistically calculated using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and the ather multivariate methods related. |
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