| Effect of chromosomes on distribution of protein fractions
in bread wheat seeds determined by monosomic technique J. KOSNER, A. SASEK and I. BARES Research Institutes of Crop Production Institute of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague 6. CSSR In genetic studies of wheat, techniques using aneuploids are often applied to locate genes on chromosomes. Summaries on gene location on chromosomes were published by MORRIS (1970, 1971, 1973). Recently, electrophoretic techniques are used for the genetic study of proteins. Successful results has been already achieved by a number of workers. JOHNSON (1967, 1968, 1972) and JOHNSON et al. (1967) compared electrophoreograms of endosperm proteins and obtained information on phylogenetic relations. Effect of individual chromosomes on the protein distribution in wheat was studied by BOYD and LEE (1967), EASTIN et al. (1967) and SHEPHERD (1968). KALTSIKES et al. (1968) demonstrated the importance of the D genome, and specifically the 1D chromosome for the breadmarking quality. MATTERN et al. (1968) studied the solubility of protein fractions in various solvents by means of chromosome substitution from the cultivar Cheyenne to Chinese Spring. SHEPHERD and JENINGS (1971) applied electrophoretic technique, for the study of wheat and rye proteins in addition lines and amphidiploids of rye and wheat. NADA and TSUNEWAKI (1972) have located an effect on three protein fractions on chromosome arms of the homeologous group 3 by comparing the cultivar Chinese Spring and 20 ditelocentric lines of Chinese Spring. Material and methods The Czechoslovak spring wheat Zlatka (Triticum aestivum L., var. lutescens) was used in this study. This cultivar originated from the cross (Janetzskis Fruh x Marquis) x Heines Koga. The set of Chinese Spring (Triticum aestivum L.) monosomic lines was applied. Monosomic analysis was used to determine the effect of individual chromosomes F2 generation after crossing monosomic lines of Chinese Spring with Zlatka was studied. Seeds of the lines developed in this way were thoroughly mixed within the line to obtain an average sample and used to the study of grain protein composition by electrophoretic technique. Details of this procedure were deseribed earlier (SASEK 1972). Electrophoreograms were evaluated visually and zone identification was carried out by numbers according to mobility, so that the closest zone in the direction to the anode was designated by number "1". For the reason of simplicity results are presented in the form of sketched schemes, where following subjective evaluation has been applied.
Note : intensity of the zone staining is in correlation with the concentration of the present proteins. Electrophoreograms of each line were compared with electrophoreograms of the cultivars Zlatka, Chinese Spring and the disomic cross. Results and discussion Distinct differences between the cultivars Zlatka and Chinese Spring has been revealed in the gliadine zone where particularly zones 26 and 27 differ expressively. Zone 26 is intensive in the cultivar Zlatka, whereas zone 27 in Chinese Spring. Both these critical zones are intensive in the disomic cross (fig. 1). Of the 21 lines mono-Chinese Spring x Zlatka (fig. 2) that were investigated only small differences from the disomic cross were found in 19 lines (lines 2A, 3A and 6A show a slight increase of the synthesis in gliadine zones, whereas line 2D a slight decrease). Other differences are within the limits of errors of the technique applied. Distinct differences were found in lines 1D and 5D. In line 1D a considerable intensity decrease of synthesis can be observed in the gliadine zone. Zone 27 was slight in this line that posses the critical chromosome 1D only from the cultivar Zlatka. (in a homozygous or hemizygous combination), like in the cultivar Zlatka. This demonstrates the effect of a gene or a gene complex located on chromosome 1D causing an increase of gliadine synthesis intensity, particularly zone 27 in the cultivar Chinese Spring ; the opposite is true in the cultivar Zlatka. The result obtained by us is in agreement with the findings by BOYD and LEE (1967) who described differences in less mobile protein zones located on the arm of chromosome 1D of ditelocentric lines of Chinese Spring. Effect of chromosome 1D has been also demonstrated in the study on protein differences in ditelocentric and nuli-tetrasomic lines of Chinese Spring (SHEPHERD 1968). Connection between chromosome 1D and protein changes, eventually changes in breadmaking quality was observed by MATTERN et al. (1968), KALTSIKES (1968) as well. |
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