RRC ID 30612
著者 Kanda S, Akazome Y, Mitani Y, Okubo K, Oka Y.
タイトル Neuroanatomical evidence that kisspeptin directly regulates isotocin and vasotocin neurons.
ジャーナル PLoS One
Abstract Neuropeptide kisspeptin has been suggested to be an essential central regulator of reproduction in response to changes in serum gonadal steroid concentrations. However, in spite of wide kisspeptin receptor distribution in the brain, especially in the preoptic area and hypothalamus, the research focus has mostly been confined to the kisspeptin regulation on GnRH neurons. Here, by using medaka whose kisspeptin (kiss1) neurons have been clearly demonstrated to be regulated by sex steroids, we analyzed the anatomical distribution of kisspeptin receptors Gpr54-1 and Gpr54-2. Because the both receptors were shown to be activated by kisspeptins (Kiss1 and Kiss2), we analyzed the anatomical distribution of the both receptors by in situ hybridization. They were mainly expressed in the ventral telencephalon, preoptic area, and hypothalamus, which have been suggested to be involved in homeostatic functions including reproduction. First, we found gpr54-2 mRNA expression in nucleus preopticus pars magnocellularis and demonstrated that vasotocin and isotocin (Vasopressin and Oxytocin ortholog, respectively) neurons express gpr54-2 by dual in situ hybridization. Given that kisspeptin administration increases serum oxytocin and vasopressin concentration in mammals, the present finding are likely to be vertebrate-wide phenomenon, although direct regulation has not yet been demonstrated in mammals. We then analyzed co-expression of kisspeptin receptors in three types of GnRH neurons. It was clearly demonstrated that gpr54-expressing cells were located adjacent to GnRH1 neurons, although they were not GnRH1 neurons themselves. In contrast, there was no gpr54-expressing cell in the vicinities of neuromodulatory GnRH2 or GnRH3 neurons. From these results, we suggest that medaka kisspeptin neurons directly regulate some behavioral and neuroendocrine functions via vasotocin/isotocin neurons, whereas they do not regulate hypophysiotropic GnRH1 neurons at least in a direct manner. Thus, direct kisspeptin regulation of GnRH1 neurons proposed in mammals may not be the universal feature of vertebrate kisspeptin system in general.
巻・号 8(4)
ページ e62776
公開日 2013-1-1
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0062776
PII PONE-D-12-25888
PMID 23638144
PMC PMC3636218
MeSH Animals Brain / cytology Brain / metabolism Female Gene Expression Regulation Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / metabolism In Situ Hybridization Kisspeptins / metabolism* Male Neuroanatomy* Neurons / metabolism* Oxytocin / analogs & derivatives* Oxytocin / metabolism Vasotocin / metabolism*
IF 2.74
引用数 48
WOS 分野 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
リソース情報
メダカ database (atlas) d-rR/TOKYO (MT837)